We have learned this from running them. Most large transformation programs in the Kingdom fail not because the technology was wrong, but because the operating model wasn't designed first. The cloud architecture matters less than the question of who runs the platform after the integrator leaves. The data lake matters less than the question of which decisions the institution will make differently because of it.
This piece argues for the institutional discipline that has to come before the cloud architecture, and explains why the firms that lead with the cloud first usually fail at the operating-model second. The argument is not against technology, it is against the assumption that the technology will, on its own, produce the institution the leadership team wants.